Cisco AIR-WLC2006-K9 - Wireless LAN Controller 2006 Instalační příručka

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Corporate Headquarters:
Copyright © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA
Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and
Deployment Considerations
Contents
Executive Summary 3
Target Audience 3
Introduction 3
Overview 4
Objectives 4
Reference Publications 5
Hardware/Software 6
Location Tracking Approaches 6
Cell of Origin 7
Distance-Based (Lateration) Techniques 8
Angle-Based (Angulation) Techniques 14
Location Patterning (Pattern Recognition) Techniques 15
Cisco Location-Based Services Architecture 18
RF Fingerprinting 18
Overall Solution Architecture 20
Role of the Location Appliance 23
Location Tracking without a Location Appliance 24
Solution Performance 24
The Meaning of Accuracy and Precision 24
Accuracy and Precision of the Cisco LBS Solution 25
Which Devices Can Be Tracked 25
WLAN Clients 25
802.11 Active RFID Tags (L2 Multicast) 31
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1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 117 118

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Strany 1 - Deployment Considerations

Corporate Headquarters:Copyright © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 U

Strany 2 - Contents

10Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

Strany 3 - Executive Summary

100Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag Considerationsopening each tag casing and attaching a seri

Strany 4 - Overview

101Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsThe AeroScout tag activator (shown in Figure

Strany 5 - Hardware/Software

102Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsPanGo Locator LAN Asset TagsPanGo version 1

Strany 6 - Location Tracking Approaches

103Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 The SOAP/XML Application Programming Interfaceinfrastructure withou

Strany 7 - Cell of Origin

104Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 The SOAP/XML Application Programming Interfacelocation and device s

Strany 8 - Time of Arrival

105Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 The SOAP/XML Application Programming Interfaceprocess solutions to

Strany 9 - • t = time in microseconds

106Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 The SOAP/XML Application Programming Interface• PanGo Locator Confi

Strany 10 - OL-11612-01

107Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 CaveatsFigure 78 Cisco Location-Based Services Solution with PanGo

Strany 11

108Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 CaveatsCSCse14724—Degraded Location Accuracy with Monitor Mode APsD

Strany 12

109Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix A—Polling Traffic 2700 <-> 4400 WLAN ControllerAppen

Strany 13

11Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesFigure 4 Time Difference of Arrival (TDo

Strany 14 - Angle of Arrival (AoA)

110Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1Figure 80 Polling Traff

Strany 15 - • Calibration phase

111Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1Figure 81 AeroScout Tag

Strany 16 - Calibration Phase

112Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1• Transmit Power (dBm)—

Strany 17 - Operational Phase

113Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1This is because in v2.1

Strany 18 - RF Fingerprinting

114Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1Figure 85 Retrieving Ex

Strany 19 - Figure 7 MMSE Estimation

115Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1To display the Advanced

Strany 20 - Overall Solution Architecture

116Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix C—Large Site Traffic AnalysisAppendix C—Large Site Traffic

Strany 21

117Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix D—PanGo Locator LAN Tag Association and SignalingAppendix

Strany 22

118Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix D—PanGo Locator LAN Tag Association and Signaling

Strany 23

12Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesIn close, confined indoor areas, both To

Strany 24 - Solution Performance

13Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking Approaches• TxPWR represents the transmitter outpu

Strany 25 - Which Devices Can Be Tracked

14Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesPure RSS-based lateration techniques tha

Strany 26

15Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking Approaches“reverse beam-forming”, this technique i

Strany 27

16Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesCalibration PhaseDuring the calibration

Strany 28

17Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesOperational PhaseIn the operational phas

Strany 29

18Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architectureminimum of three reporting

Strany 30

19Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architecturepre-packaged models enable

Strany 31

2Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 ContentsRogue Access Points 35Rogue Clients 39Installation and Config

Strany 32

20Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureCisco RF Fingerprinting of

Strany 33

21Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 8 Cisco Location-Ba

Strany 34

22Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 9 Information Flow

Strany 35 - Rogue Access Points

23Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architectureparticipating in location

Strany 36

24Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architecture• SOAP/XML Location Applic

Strany 37

25Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureAccuracy and Precision of

Strany 38

26Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 10 Enabling CCX Loc

Strany 39 - Rogue Clients

27Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 11 WCS WLAN Client

Strany 40

28Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 12 WCS WLAN Client

Strany 41

29Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureNote that Figure 12 also i

Strany 42 - History Database Pruning

3Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Executive SummaryUsing Wi-Fi RFID Tags with the Cisco Location Applia

Strany 43 - Advanced Commands

30Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureA graphical representation

Strany 44

31Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 15 WCS WLAN Client

Strany 45 - RSSI Discard Times

32Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureNote Currently, each WLAN

Strany 46 - Refresh Time

33Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureComplete information on an

Strany 47

34Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 18 Asset Tag Detect

Strany 48

35Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 19 WCS RFID Locatio

Strany 49

36Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureThese are all indicated on

Strany 50

37Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureComplete information on an

Strany 51 - Deployment Best Practices

38Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 22 WCS Rogue Access

Strany 52 - Deployment Best Practices

39Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architecturethe channels for which the

Strany 53

4Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 OverviewIt is not hard to understand why this is so. With integrated

Strany 54

40Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architecture• Small icons (shown above

Strany 55

41Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationInstallation and ConfigurationInstalli

Strany 56

42Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationHistory Archive PeriodThe history arch

Strany 57

43Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and Configurationmore frequently and in advance of a lo

Strany 58

44Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationNote The df –H command is used here be

Strany 59

45Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationConfiguring Location Server Location P

Strany 60

46Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationRSSI CutoffIn addition to enforcing th

Strany 61

47Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationLocation Appliance Dual Ethernet Opera

Strany 62

48Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationFigure 27 Default Location Application

Strany 63

49Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationFigure 29 Specifying Location Server A

Strany 64

5Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Overview• Reviewing the procedures required to install and configure

Strany 65

50Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and Configurationproviding the local time of the NOC, o

Strany 66

51Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesShutting down audit subsystem[ OK ]Starti

Strany 67

52Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesWhen performing a site survey of an area wh

Strany 68

53Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesIn a similar fashion, the CLI command show

Strany 69 - Antenna Considerations

54Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 33 Displaying Detected RSSI via the

Strany 70 - Antenna Orientation

55Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 34 Location-Aware AP DeploymentAcces

Strany 71 - Site Calibration

56Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 35 Location-Aware AP Placement Illus

Strany 72

57Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 36 Planning Tool Output for Location

Strany 73 - Calibration Validity

58Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 37 Example of 100 Percent Location R

Strany 74 - Number of Samples

59Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 38 Definition of a “Location-Ready”

Strany 75

6Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesNote Other supported hardware or software

Strany 76 - Inspecting Location Quality

60Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesOnce again, keep in mind that location read

Strany 77

61Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesAdditional information regarding deployment

Strany 78

62Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesAs the weight assigned to the previous posi

Strany 79 - Location Tracking Challenges

63Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesWhen you understand the procedure used by t

Strany 80 - Antenna Installation Height

64Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 42 Facilitating Mobile Device Floor

Strany 81 - Traffic Considerations

65Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practiceswith a WCS governing it. The management cha

Strany 82

66Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesThe subsections that follow examine how WCS

Strany 83

67Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesIn this situation, one possible solution is

Strany 84

68Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 45 Multiple Management Domains with

Strany 85 - RFID Tag Considerations

69Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practiceshandles polling of controller WiSM-3 with r

Strany 86 - Passive RFID Tags

7Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking Approachesto hear arguments supporting the case tha

Strany 87 - Figure 57 Passive RFID Tags

70Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 47 Example of Unequal Azimuth Propag

Strany 88

71Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesNote that WCS allows only for the adjustmen

Strany 89 - Semi-Passive RFID Tags

72Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 49 Example of Suggested Calibration

Strany 90 - Active RFID Tags

73Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesDetailed procedures covering the steps invo

Strany 91 - Transponder Active RFID Tags

74Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesTips for Successful CalibrationsNumber of S

Strany 92 - 802.11 Active RFID Tags

75Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesCalibrating Under Representative Conditions

Strany 93 - Compatible RFID Tags

76Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesWhen verifying whether RSSI cutoff threshol

Strany 94

77Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 52 Location Quality Inspection Resul

Strany 95

78Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 53 Location Inspection at 5 m Accura

Strany 96

79Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesLocation Tracking ChallengesOutdoor Environ

Strany 97 - 330 630 660 Seconds

8Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesFigure 2 Highest Signal Strength Techniqu

Strany 98 - Configuring Asset Tags

80Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practicesconcern. Although the overall path loss mod

Strany 99 - AeroScout Asset Tags (Type 2)

81Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practices• Minimize the amount of exposure to those

Strany 100 - RFID Tag Considerations

82Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 54 Enabling Location Server Polling

Strany 101

83Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practicesnumber of received responses associated wit

Strany 102 - PanGo Locator LAN Asset Tags

84Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practicesconsidered normal for the test environment

Strany 103

85Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsAppendix C—Large Site Traffic Analysis, page

Strany 104

86Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 55 Active and Passive RFID ComparisonW

Strany 105 - Figure 77 PanGo Locator

87Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 56 Passive RFID InterrogatorsPassive R

Strany 106

88Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 58 Passive Tag Load Modulation•Backsca

Strany 107

89Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsThe passive RFID tag is available commerciall

Strany 108 - Locations

9Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking Approaches• c = propagation speed of ~ 300 meters /

Strany 109

90Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 61 Semi-Passive RFID TagsSeveral varie

Strany 110

91Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsActive tags can contain 512 KB of RAM (or mor

Strany 111

92Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 63 Transponder Active RFID TagThese RF

Strany 112

93Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag Considerationsequipped with powered-on 802.11 Wi-Fi client

Strany 113

94Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag Considerationsreaders themselves is possible because of the

Strany 114

95Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag Considerations• Access points not on the same channel as th

Strany 115

96Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsEnable Asset Tag RF Data TimeoutThe RFID Data

Strany 116

97Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 68 Polling IntervalDepending on asset

Strany 117 - Signaling

98Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 70). When this is successfully perform

Strany 118

99Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 71 Tested 802.11 Wi-Fi Active RFID Tag

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